Additionally, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) and prophage elements, such as type I-F and III-A CRISPR arrays and an intact prophage of MS1-P5, contributed to bacterial diversity. Different constituents of core biosynthetic modules were found within the bacteriocin and aryl polyene (APE) pigment gene clusters, and the strains from banana showed different phenotypes with respect to antibiosis effects and colony pigmentation. These GIs were rich in integrases and transposases, where some genomic dissimilarity was observed in the flagellar gene cluster and several secondary metabolite gene clusters. We further explored their genomic diversity in the predicted genomic islands (GIs).
They were also conserved in most virulence determinants, including gene-encoding secretion systems, plant cell wall degrading enzymes, and exopolysaccharides. The sequenced strains were similar in utilization of carbon source and chemical substrates, and general genomic features of GC content, and tRNA and rRNA regions. zeae strains, including another representative banana strain MS2 from China. To determine their genomic and phenotypic diversity with respect to their hosts of origin, they were compared with other D. In this study, we sequenced the high-quality complete genomes of three typical banana strains, MS1 (size: 4,831,702-bp genome coverages: 538x), MS_2014 (size: 4,740,000-bp genome coverages: 586x) and MS_2018 (size: 4,787,201-bp genome coverages: 583x), isolated in 2009, 2014, and 2018, respectively. 2Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United Statesīacterial soft rot of banana, caused by Dickeya zeae, is spreading rapidly in important banana growing areas in China and seriously threatens banana production.1Key Laboratory of New Technique for Plant Protection in Guangdong, Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.Jingxin Zhang 1 Mohammad Arif 2* Huifang Shen 1 Dayuan Sun 1 Xiaoming Pu 1 John Hu 2 Birun Lin 1 Qiyun Yang 1*
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